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Algiz, the fifteenth letter in the Elder Futhark alphabet, directly translates to "elk". Keep in mind that this is referring to the European elk, so in America this would mean "moose". In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, which is actually the only rune poem in which is turns up, algiz is interpreted as being in the form "elk-sedge" which is a marsh plant that has sharp edges. So like all thorny, spiky, or sharp plants, it can either be protective or harmful depending on how its be

Perthro, the fourteenth letter in the Elder Futhark alphabet, struggles to have a direct translation, but roughly means "lots" (as in "casti

Eihwaz, the thirteenth letter in the Elder Futhark alphabet, directly translates to "yew tree". In the Norse and Anglo-Saxon rune poems, the

Jera, the twelfth letter in the Elder Futhark alphabet, directly translates to "year". More specifically, it is the year's culminations and

Isa, the eleventh letter in the Elder Futhark alphabet, directly translates to "ice".

Nauthiz, the tenth letter in the Elder Futhark alphabet, directly translates to "need" as in "being in need/distress" or "necessity".